Uses
What are the uses of Generic Metformin CETAPIN XR GLYCOMET?
Generic Metformin Cetapin xr, & Glycomet is used alone or with other medications, including insulin, to treat type 2 diabetes. This is a condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood. Moreover, metformin is in a class of drugs called biguanides. Also, metformin helps to control the amount of glucose in the blood. Besides, it decreases the amount of glucose a person absorbs from food and the amount of glucose made by liver. Metformin also increases a person’s body response to insulin, a natural substance that controls the amount of glucose in the blood. Also, metformin is not used to treat type 1 diabetes; it is the condition in which the body does not produce insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood.
Also, with time, people who have diabetes and high blood sugar can develop serious or life-threatening complications, including heart disease, heart stroke, kidney failures, nerve damage, and eye problems. Taking medication(s), making lifestyle changes such as exercising and regularly checking blood sugar may help to manage diabetes and improve one’s health. This therapy may also decrease people’s chances of having heart attacks, strokes, or other diabetes related complications such as kidney failure, nerve damage, eye problems, including changes or loss of vision, or gum disease.
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How to consume Generic Metformin CETAPIN XR GLYCOMET?
Generic Metformin CETAPIN XR GLYCOMET comes in different forms, as a liquid, as a tablet, and also as an extended-release tablet to be taken by mouth. Take liquid with meals one or two times a day. Moreover, take the regular tablets with meals two or three times a day. Take the extended tablet, once daily with the evening meal. Take it around the same time every day for maximum benefits.
Follow the directions on the prescription label carefully and ask a doctor or a pharmacist to explain any part that is not understood. Take metformin exactly as described. A patient must not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by their doctor. Swallow metformin extended release tablets whole; don’t split, chew, or crush. The doctor may start on a low dose of metformin and gradually increase its dose but not more often than once every 1–2 weeks. A person must monitor his or her blood sugar carefully so the doctor is able to tell how well Metformin is working.
Side effects
The side effects of Metformin include: physical weakness, diarrhea gas (flatulence), symptoms of weakness, muscle pain, upper respiratory tract infection, low blood sugar, abdominal pain (GI complaints), lactic acidosis (rare), low blood levels of vitamin B-12, nausea, vomiting, chest discomfort chills, dizziness bloating distention, constipation and moreover heartburn. These side effects can occur when you start taking Metformin. A person must call his or her doctor for medical advice about side effects.
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are some of the most common side effects people have when they first start taking metformin. Also, these problems usually go away over time. Reduce these effects by taking metformin with a meal. Also, to help lessen the risk of severe diarrhea, a doctor will likely start you on a low dosage of metformin and then increase it slowly. Use metformin prevent diabetes in women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS). It’s used off-label for this purpose. Also, the side effects for this use are the same as for other uses.
What are rare side effects of Generic Metaformin CETAPIN XR GLYCOMET?
The most serious, but uncommon, side effect Metformin can cause is lactic acidosis. In fact, metformin has a “boxed” — also referred to as a “black box” — warning about this risk. A boxed warning is the most severe warning the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issues. Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious problem that can occur due to a buildup of metformin in your body. It’s a medical emergency that must be treated right away in the hospital.
Metformin can decrease the levels of vitamin B-12 in the body. Also, in rare cases, this can cause anemia or low levels of red blood cells. Moreover, if someone doesn’t get much vitamin B-12 or calcium through their diet, they may be at higher risk of very low vitamin B-12 levels. Also, the Vitamin B-12 levels can improve if someone stops taking Metformin or take vitamin B-12 supplements. People must not stop taking Metformin without talking to their doctors respectively.
Dosage
For tablet, immediate-release take 500mg (generic), 850mg (generic) and 1000mg (generic). Moreover, for extended-release take 500mg (generic, Glumetza), 750mg (generic) and 1000mg (generic, Glumetza). Besides, for oral solution take 100mg/mL (Riomet) oral suspension, extended-release 47.31g/473mL per bottle and (Riomet ER) Reconstituted suspension is 500mg/5mL.
Precautions
Metformin has moderate interactions with at least 74 different drugs.
Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center immediately.
What are contraindications of Generic Metaformin CETAPIN XR GLYCOMET?
Contraindication includes
- Hypersensitivity,
- Chronic heart failure,
- Metabolic acidosis with or without coma, as well as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),
- Severe renal disease.
- Moreover, abnormal creatinine clearance which results from shock, septicemia, or myocardial infarction and lactation.
What are effects of Drug Abuse of Generic Metaformin CETAPIN XR GLYCOMET?
There are no effects of drug abuse from the use of metformin.
Short-Term Effects
There are also, no short-term effects from the use of metformin.
Long-Term Effects
Besides, there are no long-term effects from the use of metformin either.
Cautions
Use with caution in patients with congestive heart failure, fever, trauma, surgery, the elderly, renal impairment, or hepatic impairment.
Also, Instruct patients to avoid heavy alcohol use. Suspend therapy prior to any type of surgery. Rare, but serious, lactic acidosis can occur due to accumulation.
Possible increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Moreover, it may cause ovulation in anovulatory and premenopausal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Besides, discontinue therapy with metformin and administer insulin if you are exposed to stress (fever, trauma, or infection). Ethanol may potentiate metformin’s effect on lactate metabolism.
May impair vitamin B12 or calcium intake/absorption; monitor B12 serum concentrations periodically with long-term therapy.
Not indicated for use in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus that are insulin dependent due to lack of efficacy. Withhold in patients with dehydration and/or prerenal azotemia. Iodinated contrast imaging procedures. Discontinue metformin at the time of or before an iodinated contrast imaging procedure in patients with an eGFR between 30-60 mL/minute/1.73 m²; in patients with a history of liver disease, alcoholism, or heart failure; or in patients who will be administered intra-arterial iodinate contrast.
Reevaluate eGFR 48 hr after the imaging procedure; restart metformin if renal function is stable.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Use in pregnancy may be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. Not recommended when lactating as metformin enters breast milk.
Interactions
Beta-blocker medications (such as metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar such as dizziness, hunger and sweating are unaffected by these drugs.
Many drugs can affect the blood sugar, making it harder to control. Before a person starts, stops, or changes any medication, they must talk to their doctor or a pharmacist about how the medication may affect their blood sugar. A patient must check blood sugar regularly as directed and share the results with his or her doctor. Tell the doctor right away if someone has symptoms of high or low blood sugar. The respective doctor may need to adjust diabetes medication, exercise program or diet.
Overdose
Metformin overdose associated with lactic acidosis presents with nonspecific symptoms and includes severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, thirstiness, lost appetite, lethargy and hyperpnoea. Hypotension, hypothermia, acute renal failure, coma and cardiac arrest also represent significant clinical features. Estimated mortality rate of metformin associated lactic acidosis is between 30 and 50%, but can be high as 80%. The condition occurs most commonly in patients with substantial underlying medical problems (predominantly renal insuffiency). Mortality is not in complete correlation with either metformin or lactate levels.
Hyperglycemia linked to metformin overdose has occasionally been reported, although less common than hypoglycemia. Such hyperglycemia has been linked to acute pancreatitis in several cases of metformin toxicity from both therapeutic dosing and intentional overdose. Another potential complication is the elevated osmolal gap.
Also, Current treatment approach of the metformin associated lactic acidosis is volume expansion, intravenous application of sodium bicarbonate, intermittent hemodialysis and high volume continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with a bicarbonate substitute.
Moreover, Metformin overdose should be directed with regular monitoring of renal function. Hemodialysis has an important role in and removal of the metformin from the circulation, preventing in turn further acidosis. Hemofiltration is the preferable option for patients who are hemodynamically unstable to tolerate hemodialysis.
The use of sodium bicarbonate is still controversial. Also, potential disadvantages of using intravenous bicarbonate include excess sodium load, left shift of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve, reflex vasodilation after bolus injection and disturbances in serum potassium and calcium levels.
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